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Mmark Syntax⌗

All syntax elements should be described. Please open an issue or PR if there is something you want to improve here, or even better, edit the doc!

This document describes all the syntax elements that can be used in Mmark. Mmark’s syntax is based on the “standard” Markdown syntax.

It adds numerous enhancements to make it suitable for writing (IETF) Internet Drafts and even complete books. It ~~steals~~ borrows syntax elements from pandoc, kramdown, leanpub, asciidoc, PHP markdown extra and Scholarly markdown.

This document is loosely based on the excellent syntax document from kramdown and pandoc.

In this document we start at the highest level, i.e. the title block and coarse document structure. From there we zoom in on the smaller parts that make up a document.

Title Block⌗

A title block contain a document’s meta data; title, authors, date and other elements. The elements that can be specified are copied from the xml2rfc v2 standard. More on these below. The complete title block is specified in TOML. Note: these element are not outputted (yet) in the HTML5 renderer.

The title block itself is entirely prefixed with % at the beginning of the line or three or more % at the start and end of the block. A minimal title block would look like this:

% title = "My Awesome Title"

%%%
title = "My Awesome Title"
%%%

Indentation does not matter, so this is also legal:

%%%
    title = "My Awesome Title"
%%%

Doing so make the title block look good in Github (which does not know how to render such a block).

Not having a title block makes the XML not valid xml2rfc XML, the XML itself is syntactically valid.

Elements of the Title Block⌗

An I-D needs to have a title block with the following items filled out:

title
abbrev
category
docName
ipr
area
workgroup
keyword
date
author(s) section

An example would be:

% title = "Using mmark to create I-Ds and RFCs"
% abbrev = "mmark2rfc"
% category = "info"
% docName = "draft-gieben-mmark2rfc-00"
% ipr= "trust200902"
% area = "Internet"
% workgroup = ""
% keyword = ["markdown", "xml", "mmark"]
%
% date = 2014-12-10T00:00:00Z
%
% [[author]]
% initials="R."
% surname="Gieben"
% fullname="R. (Miek) Gieben"
% #role="editor"
% organization = "Atoom"
%   [author.address]
%   email = "miek@miek.nl"

An # acts as a comment in this block. TOML itself is specified here.

PIs⌗

PI, stands “Process Instruction” and are an XML hack to enable/disable some features. Mmark supports a subset of them:

toc, symrefs, sortrefs, compact, subcompact, private, topblock, header, footer, comments

PIs can be enable in the title block, like so:

[pi]
toc = "no"
compact = "yes"

Including Files⌗

Including other files can done be with {{filename}}, if the path of filename is not absolute, the filename is taken relative to working directory of the Mmark process.

There is also special syntax for including (parts of) source code from other files. See including code fragments for the details. The address specification for code fragments is also supported for including markdown files:

{{filename}}[3,4]

Only includes the lines numbered 3 and 4 into the current document. The address syntax is described in https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/tools/present/.

Document Divisions⌗

Mmark support three document divisions, front matter, main matter and the back matter. Mmark automatically starts the front matter for you if the document has a title block. Switching divisions can be done with {frontmatter}, {mainmatter} and {backmatter}. This must be the only thing on the line.

If the document has a title block the front matter is already open. Closing the front matter can only be done by starting the main matter with {mainmatter}. Any open “matters” are closed when the document ends.

Parts⌗

Starting a new part of the document is similar to starting a new section, the syntax reflects that. A new part is started with -# PartName

Specifying a part ID can be done with -# PartName {#part1} as is normal for headings (see headers.

Special Headers and Notes⌗

In some output formats (notably the IETF ones), the abstract is important and typeset differently. In Mmark you signify it by using the special header syntax: .# Abtract. Note that the header name must be (when lowercased) “abstract”.

.# Preface is another special header that is supported.

If you use a special header and the name is not “Abstract” or “Preface” it is considered a note: a numberless section.

IDs ({#id}) after the title are supported.

Headers⌗

Mmark support the standard markdown headers: atx headers and setext.

Mmark supports a nice way for explicitly setting the header ID which is taken from PHP Markdown Extra. If you follow the header text with an opening curly bracket (separated from the text with a least one space), a hash, the ID and a closing curly bracket, the ID is set on the header. If you use the trailing hash feature of atx style headers, the header ID has to go after the trailing hashes. For example:

Hello        {#id}
-----

# Hello      {#id}

# Hello #    {#id}

If there is no explicit header ID, an ID is generated, this takes the name of header

lowercases it
replaces spaces with dashes
removes any interpunction characters

For instance # This is a Header!?!? will become the ID: this-is-a-header. If an header solely consists out of a number, # 3, the implicit header ID, will be prefixed with “section-” and then the number: # 3, becomes section-3.

If a header ID already exists, Mmark will add a sequence number, starting with -1. For example a second header: # 3 will become section-3-1.

Paragraphs⌗

Paragraphs are the most used block-level elements. One or more consecutive lines of text are interpreted as one paragraph. The first line of a paragraph may be indented up to three spaces, the other lines can have any amount of indentation.

You can separate two consecutive paragraphs from each other by using one or more blank lines. Notice that a line break in the source does not mean a line break in the output. If you want to have an explicit line break you need to end a line with two or more spaces or two backslashes. Note, however, that a line break on the last text line of a paragraph is not possible.

Captions⌗

Mmark supports caption below tables, code blocks and block quotes. Each of the elements has their own caption string: Table:, Figure: and Quote: respectively. For a table:

Name    | Age
--------|-----:
Bob     | 27
Alice   | 23
Table: This is the table caption.

Or for a code block:

 ~~~ go
 func getTrue() bool {
     return true
 }
 ~~~
 Figure: This is a caption for a code block.

And for a quote:

 > Ability is nothing without opportunity.
 Quote: https://example.com -- Napoleon Bonaparte

Comments⌗

HTML comments are detected and copied to the final output form. There is one exception. If a comments has the following structure: , i.e. two strings separated with --, this will be converted to a cref with the source attribute set to “Miek Gieben” and the comment text set to “really?”.

Block Quotes⌗

A block quote is started using the > marker followed by an optional space and the content of the block quote. The marker itself may be indented up to three spaces. All following lines, whether they are started with the block quote marker or just contain text, belong to the block quote.

The contents of a block quote are block-level elements. This means that if you are just using text as content that it will be wrapped in a paragraph. For example, the following gives you one block quote with two paragraphs in it:

> This is a blockquote.
>     on multiple lines
that may be lazy.
>
> This is the second paragraph.

Since the contents of a block quote are block-level elements, you can nest block quotes and use other block-level elements:

> This is a paragraph.
>
> > A nested blockquote.
>
> ## Headers work
>
> * lists too
>
> and all other block-level elements

Note that the first space character after the > marker does not count when counting spaces for the indentation of the block-level elements inside the block quote! So code blocks will have to be indented with five spaces, like this:

> A code block:
>
>     func main() {}

If attribution for a block quote is needed you can add a caption. Just add the string Quote: below the block quote.

Captions⌗

Directly below a quote block you may specify a “caption” which adds attribution to the above quote.

 > Ability is nothing without opportunity.
 Quote: https://example.com -- Napoleon Bonaparte

Where the quote will be attributed to Napoleon Bonaparte, pointing to the URL. The string -- is important here, as it separates to two parts. A Quote: without a string containing -- is ignored (currently - this may change in the future).

Asides⌗

Any text prefixed with A> will become an aside.

Code Blocks⌗

Code blocks can be used to represent verbatim text like markup, HTML or a program fragment.

Standard Code Blocks⌗

A code block can be started by using four spaces and then the text of the code block. All following lines containing text must be indented by four spaces as well. The indentation is stripped from each line of the code block.

Note that consecutive code blocks that are only separate by are merged together into one code block:

    Here comes some code

    This text belongs to the same code block.

If you want to have one code block directly after another one, just put a comment in between:

    Here comes some code
<!-- nope -->
    This one is separate.

Fenced Code Blocks⌗

Mmark also supports an alternative syntax for code blocks which does not use indented blocks but delimiting lines. The starting line needs to begin with three or more tilde characters (~) and the closing line needs to have at least the number of tildes the starting line has. Alternatively, code blocks may start with three or more backtick characters (`) and end with at least as many backtick characters. Everything between is taken literally as with the other syntax but there is no need for indenting the text. For example:

~~~~~~~~
Here comes some code.
~~~~~~~~

If you need lines of tildes in such a code block, just start the code block with more tildes. For example:

~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~
code with tildes
~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Language of Code Blocks⌗

~~~ ruby
def what?
  42
end
~~~

Captions⌗

Figure:

Callouts⌗

In code blocks you can use the syntax angle bracket - number - angle bracket: <number> to create a callout. Such callouts can be referenced in the text after the code block. An example, where we first create a code block with 2 callouts and then reference the callouts in the text:

{callout="yes"}
    Code  <1>
    More  <1>
    Not a callout \<3>

As you can see in <1> but not in \<1>. There is no <3>.

This would be rendered:

     Code <1>
     Code <2>
     Not a callout <3>

As you can see in (1, 2) but not in <1>. There is no <3>.

You can escape a callout with a backslash. The backslash will be removed in the output (both in source code and text). The callout identifiers will be remembered until the next code block.

There is currently no way to propose alternative syntax for the callout reference other than (number).

Note that callouts are only detected with the IAL {callout="yes"} or any other non-empty value is defined before the code block.

Using callouts in source code examples will lead to code examples that do not compile. To fix this the callout needs to be placed in a comment, but then your source show useless empty comments. To fix this Mmark can optionally detect (and remove!) the comment from the callout, leaving your example pristine. This can be enabled using the IAL: {callout="//"}. The allowed comment patterns are //, #, /*, %, ;.

Prefixing code with a string on each line is possible with the IAL prefix:

{prefix="S: "}
line1
line2

Results in

S: line1
S: line2

Including code fragments⌗

This borrows from the Go present tool, which got its inspiration from the Sam editor. The syntax used in Mmark was gleaned from leanpub, but the syntax presented here is more powerful than the one used by leanpub.

Using the syntax: <{{code/hello.c}}[address], the file code/hello.c will be included into the document as a code block. With [address] you can describe what the line number you want to include. The address syntax is described in https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/tools/present/, the OMIT keyword in the code also works.

Including a code snippet will look like this:

<{{test.go}}[/START OMIT/,/END OMIT/]

Where test.go looks like this:

tedious_code = boring_function()
// START OMIT
interesting_code = fascinating_function()
// END OMIT

Captioning works as well:

<{{test.go}}[/START OMIT/,/END OMIT/]
Figure: A sample function.

And the entire “address” may be omitted: <{{test.go}}. This includes the entire file.

The prefix IAL can be used:

{prefix="S: "}
<{{test.go}}

Will cause test.go to be included with each line being prefixed with S: .

Figures and Subfigures⌗

To group artworks and code blocks into figures, we need an extra syntax element. Scholarly markdown has a neat syntax for this. It uses a special section syntax and all images in that section become subfigures of a larger figure. Disadvantage of this syntax is that it can not be used in lists. Hence we use a quote like solution, just like asides, but for figures: we prefix the entire paragraph with F>. Each of the images and or code block included will be part of the same over arching figure.

Basic usage:

F> ~~~ ascii-art
F> +-----+
F> | ART |
F> +-----+
F> ~~~~
F> Figure: This caption is ignored in v3, but used in v2.
F>
F> ~~~ c
F> printf("%s\n", "hello");
F> ~~~
F>
Figure: Caption for both figures in v3 (in v2 this is ignored).

To summarize in v2 the inner captions are used and the outer one is discarded, for v3 it is the other way around.

TODO(miek): HTML5 output

An image can be included in a subfigure: ![Alt text](/path/to/img.jpg "Optional title")

How the title exactly output is still a work in progress for all renderers.

Lists⌗

Mmark provides syntax elements for creating ordered and unordered lists as well as definition lists.

Ordered and Unordered lists⌗

Both ordered and unordered lists follow the same rules.

A list is started with a list marker (in case of unordered lists one of +, - or * – you can mix them – and in case of ordered lists a number followed by a period) followed by one space.

The leading tabs or spaces are stripped away from this first line of content to allow for a nice alignment with the following content of a list item (see below).

The numbers used for ordered lists are relevant, Mmark will pay attention to the starting number in an ordered list.

The following gives you an unordered list and an ordered list:

* mmark
+ black
- friday
<!-- break -->
3. black
4. friday
5. mmark

That comment is needed as of yet, but this will be fixed in the near future.

The are several ways to start an ordered lists. You can use numbers, roman numbers, letters and uppercase letters. When using roman numbers and letter you must use two spaces after the dot or the brace (the underscore signals a space here):

a)__Item1
A)__Item2

Since the content of a list item can contain block-level elements, you can do the following:

*   First item

    A second paragraph

    * nested list

    > blockquote

*   Second item

If you want to start a paragraph with something that looks like a list item marker, you need to escape it. This is done by escaping the period in an ordered list or the list item marker in an unordered list:

1984\. It was great
\- others say that, too!

Example lists⌗

An example lists is a document wide list that is subsequently numbered throughout the document. This is the example list syntax from pandoc. References to example lists work as well.

An example list is started when the identifier is the first word on a line:

(@lista)  This is the start of an example list.

Note there must be two spaces after the identifier and the text of the list item. You can then reference the list with (@lista) in running text. Every time you reference a list it will point to the last list item, for example:

(@good)  This is a good example.

As (@good) illustrates

(@good)  Another example.

As (@good) also illustrates

Outputs:

(1)  This is a good example.

As (1) illustrates

(2)  Another example.

As (2) also illustrates

There is currently no way to propose alternative syntax for the reference other than (number).

Definition Lists⌗

Definition lists allow you to assign one or more definitions to one term.

A definition list is started when a normal paragraph is followed by a line with a definition marker (a colon which may be optionally indented up to three spaces), then at least one space. The following is a simple definition list:

Mmark
: A Markdown-superset converter

Black Friday
:     Another Markdown-superset converter

The definition for a term is made up of text and/or block-level elements. Multiple definitions for single term can be done as such:

Mmark
: A Markdown-superset converter

: A project on Github

Black Friday
:     Another Markdown-superset converter

Tables⌗

Sometimes one wants to include simple tabular data in a Mmark document for which using a full-blown HTML table is just too much. Mmark supports this with a simple syntax for ASCII tables.

Tables can be created by drawing them in the input using a simple syntax:

Name    | Age
--------|-----:
Bob     | 27
Alice   | 23

The optional colon in the table header specifies the alignment of the column. Note that these tables always need to have a header.

Tables can also have a footer: use equal signs instead of dashes for the separator, to start a table footer. If there are multiple footer lines, the first one is used as a starting point for the table footer.

Name    | Age
--------|-----:
Bob     | 27
Alice   | 23
======= | ====
Charlie | 4

The simple tables can’t contain block level elements, for this you’ll need block tables, although header and footer lines can never contain block level elements.

Block Tables⌗

If a table is started with a block table header: starts with a pipe or plus sign and a minimum of three dashes, it is a Block Table. A block table may include block level elements in each (body) cell. If we want to start a new cell use the block table header syntax. In the example below we include a list in one of the cells.

|-----------------+------------+-----------------+----------------|
| Default aligned |Left aligned| Center aligned  | Right aligned  |
|-----------------|:-----------|:---------------:|---------------:|
| First body part |Second cell | Third cell      | fourth cell    |
| Second line     |foo         | **strong**      | baz            |
| Third line      |quux        | baz             | bar            |
|-----------------+------------+-----------------+----------------|
| Second body     |            |                 |                |
| 2 line          |            |                 |                |
|=================+============+=================+================|
| Footer row      |            |                 |                |
|-----------------+------------+-----------------+----------------|

The above example table is rather time-consuming to create without the help of an ASCII table editor. However, the table syntax is flexible and the above table could also be written like this:

|---
| Default aligned | Left aligned | Center aligned | Right aligned
|-|:-|:-:|-:
| First body part | Second cell | Third cell | fourth cell
| Second line |foo | **strong** | baz
| Third line |quux | baz | bar
|---
| Second body
| 2 line
|===
| Footer row

Header-less tables? TODO(miek)

Row spanning is supported as well, by using the multiple pipe syntax.

TODO(miek): example.

Horizontal Rules⌗

Supported in the HTML5 output.

Math Blocks⌗

Use $$ as the delimiter. If the math is part of a paragraph it will be displayed in line, if the entire paragraph consists out of math it considered display math. No attempt is made to parse what is between the $$.

HTML/XML Blocks⌗

An HTML block is potentially started if a line is encountered that begins with a non-span-level HTML tag or a general XML tag (opening or closing) which may be indented up to three spaces.

The following HTML tags count as block-level HTML tags:

blockquote del div dl fieldset form h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h6 iframe ins math noscript ol pre p script
style table ul article aside canvas figcaption figure footer header hgroup output progress
section video

Mmark will mostly leave the contents inside the tags alone, except:

When it detects an HTML comment (not really a block level element), see Comments.
A <hr> tag is seen.
A CDATA block.
Or an XML reference.

XML References⌗

Any XML reference fragment included before the back matter, can be used as a citation reference. The syntax of the XML reference element is defined in RFC 7749. The anchor defined can be used in the citation, in the example below that would be [@pandoc].

<reference anchor='pandoc' target='http://johnmacfarlane.net/pandoc/'>
    <front>
        <title>Pandoc, a universal document converter</title>
        <author initials='J.' surname='MacFarlane' fullname='John MacFarlane'>
            <organization>University of California, Berkeley</organization>
            <address>
                <email>jgm@berkeley.edu</email>
                <uri>http://johnmacfarlane.net/</uri>
            </address>
        </author>
        <date year='2006'/>
    </front>
</reference>

Note that for citing I-Ds and RFCs you don’t need to include any XML, as Mmark will pull these automatically from their online location: or technically more correct: the xml2rfc post processor will do this.

Indices⌗

Defining indices allows you to create an index. The define an index use the (((item, subitem))) syntax. To make item primary, use an !: (((!item, subitem))). Just (((item))) is allowed as well.

Citations⌗

Mmark uses the citation syntax from Pandoc: [@RFC2535 p. 23], the citation can either be informative (default) or normative, this can be indicated by using the ? or ! modifier: [@!RFC2535]. Use [-@RFC1000] to add the citation to the references, but suppress the output in the document.

The “highest” modifier seen determines the final type, i.e. once a citation is declared normative it will stay normative, but informative one will be “upgraded” to normative.

If you reference an RFC or I-D the reference will be added automatically.

For I-Ds you may want to add a draft sequence number, which can be done as such: [@?I-D.blah#06]. If you reference an I-D without a sequence number it will create a reference to the last I-D in citation index.

Once a citation has been defined (i.e. the reference anchor is known to Mmark) you can use @RFC2535 as a shortcut for the citation.

If you have (other) references that are not automatically added, you can include the raw XML in the document (before the {backmatter}). Also see XML references.

Short References⌗

Internal references use the syntax [](#id), usually the need for the title within the brackets is not needed, so Mmark has the shorter syntax (#id) to cross reference in the document.

Example:

My header {#header}

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, at ultricies ...
See Section (#header).

Text Markup⌗

These elements are all span-level elements and used inside block-level elements to markup text fragments. For example, one can easily create links or apply emphasis to certain text parts.

Note that empty span-level elements are not converted to empty HTML tags but are copied as-is to the output.

Strikethrough⌗

Use two tildes to make mark text that should be crossed out: ~~crossed out text~~.

Super- and subscript⌗

For superscript use ^ and for subscripts use ~. For example:

H~2~O is a liquid. 2^10^ is 1024.

Inside a super- or subscript you must escape spaces. Thus, if you want the letter P with ‘a cat’ in subscripts, use P~a\ cat~, not P~a cat~.

Links and Images⌗

Three types of links are supported: automatic links, inline links and reference links.

Automatic Links⌗

This is the easiest one to create: Just surround a web address or an email address with angle brackets and the address will be turned into a proper link. The address will be used as link target and as link text. For example:

Information can be found on the <https://example.com> homepage.
You can also mail me: <mailto:me@example.com>

It is not possible to specify a different link text using automatic links, use the other link types for this.

Mmark takes this one step further a link ala https://example.com will be detected as well even without any angle brackets.

Inline Links⌗

As the wording suggests, inline links provide all information inline in the text flow. Reference style links only provide the link text in the text flow and everything else is defined elsewhere. This also allows you to reuse link definitions.

An inline style link can be created by surrounding the link text with square brackets, followed immediately by the link URL (and an optional title in single or double quotes preceded by at least one space) in normal parentheses. For example:

This is [a link](http://golang.org) to a page.
A [link](../test "local URI") can also have a title.
And [spaces](link with spaces.html)!

Notes:

The link text is treated like normal span-level text and therefore is parsed and converted. However, if you use square brackets within the link text, you have to either properly nest them or to escape them. It is not possible to create nested links!

The link text may also be omitted, e.g. for creating link anchors.
The link URL has to contain properly nested parentheses if no title is specified, or the link URL must be contained in angle brackets (incorrectly nested parentheses are allowed).
The link title may not contain its delimiters and may not be empty.

Reference Links⌗

To create a reference style link, you need to surround the link text with square brackets (as with inline links), followed by optional spaces/tabs/line breaks and then optionally followed with another set of square brackets with the link identifier in them. A link identifier may not contain a closing bracket and, when specified in a link definition, newline characters; it is also not case sensitive, line breaks and tabs are converted to spaces and multiple spaces are compressed into one. For example:

This is a [reference style link][linkid] to a page. And [this]
[linkid] is also a link. As is [this][] and [THIS].

If you don’t specify a link identifier (i.e. only use empty square brackets) or completely omit the second pair of square brackets, the link text is converted to a valid link identifier by removing all invalid characters and inserting spaces for line breaks. If there is a link definition found for the link identifier, a link will be created. Otherwise the text is not converted to a link.

Link Definitions⌗

The link definition can be put anywhere in the document. It does not appear in the output. A link definition looks like this:

[linkid]: http://www.example.com/ "Optional Title"

The link definition has the following structure:

The link identifier in square brackets, optionally indented up to three spaces,
then a colon and one or more optional spaces/tabs,
then the link URL which must contain at least one non-space character, or a left angle bracket, the link URL and a right angle bracket,
then optionally the title in single or double quotes, separated from the link URL by one or more spaces or on the next line by itself indented any number of spaces/tabs.

If you have some text that looks like a link definition but should really be a link and some text, you can escape the colon after the link identifier:

The next paragraph contains a link and some text.

[Room 100]\: There you should find everything you need!

[Room 100]: link_to_room_100.html

Images⌗

Images can be specified via a syntax that is similar to the one used by links. The difference is that you have to use an exclamation mark before the first square bracket and that the link text of a normal link becomes the alternative text of the image link. As with normal links, image links can be written inline or reference style. For example:

Here comes a ![smiley](../images/smiley.png)! And here
![too](../images/other.png 'Title text'). Or ![here].
With empty alt text ![](see.jpg)

The link definition for images is exactly the same as the link definition for normal links. Since additional attributes can be added via IALs, it is possible, for example, to specify image width and height:

{height="36px" width="36px"}
Here is an inline ![smiley](smiley.png).

Emphasis⌗

Mmark supports two types of emphasis: light and strong emphasis. Text parts that are surrounded with single asterisks * or underscores _ are treated as text with light emphasis, text parts surrounded with two asterisks or underscores are treated as text with strong emphasis. Surrounded means that the starting delimiter must not be followed by a space and that the stopping delimiter must not be preceded by a space.

Here is an example for text with light and strong emphasis:

*some text*
_some text_
**some text**
__some text__

The asterisk form is also allowed within a single word:

This is un*believe*able! This d_oe_s not work!

Code Spans⌗

This is the span-level equivalent of the code block element. You can markup a text part as code span by surrounding it with backticks `. For example:

Use `<html>` tags for this.

Note that all special characters in a code span are treated correctly. For example, when a code span is converted to HTML, the characters <, > and & are substituted by their respective HTML counterparts.

To include a literal backtick in a code span, you need to use two or more backticks as delimiters. You can insert one optional space after the starting and before the ending delimiter (these spaces are not used in the output). For example:

Here is a literal `` ` `` backtick.

BCP 14/RFC 2119 Keywords⌗

If an RFC 2119 word is found enclosed in ** it will be rendered as an <bcp14> element: i.e. **MUST** becomes <bcp14>MUST</bcp14>.

HTML Spans⌗

HTML tags cannot only be used on the block-level but also on the span-level. Span-level HTML tags can only be used inside one block-level element, it is not possible to use a start tag in one block level element and the end tag in another. If it looks like a syntactically correct HTML tag-pair Mmark will leave it alone. Note that for XML output the tags and anything inside are stripped from the output.

Footnotes⌗

Footnotes in Mmark are similar to reference style links and link definitions. You need to place the footnote marker in the correct position in the text and the actual footnote content can be defined anywhere in the document.

A marker in the text that will become a superscript number; a footnote definition that A footnote looks like this:

This is a footnote.[^1]

[^1]: the footnote text.

Inline footnotes are also allowed (though, unlike regular notes, they cannot contain multiple paragraphs). The syntax is as follows:

Here is an inline note.^[Inlines notes are easier to write, since
you don't have to pick an identifier and move down to type the
note.]

Inline and regular footnotes may be mixed freely. Also note that the xml2rfc standard does not support footnotes.

Abbreviations⌗

See https://michelf.ca/projects/php-markdown/extra/#abbr, any text defined by:

*[HTML]: Hyper Text Markup Language

Allows you to use HTML in the document and it will be expanded to <abbr title="Hyper Text Markup Language">HTML</abbr>. If you need text that looks like an abbreviation, but isn’t, escape the colon:

*[HTML]\: HyperTextMarkupLanguage

Inline Attribute Lists⌗

This block-level element is used to attach attributes to another block-level element. An IAL has to be put directly before a block-level element of which the attributes should be attached. The full syntax is: {#id .class key="value"}. Values may be omitted {.class} is valid as well. IAL are processed for the following elements:

Tables
Code Blocks and Fenced Code Blocks
Lists
Headers
Images
Quotes

For all other elements they are ignored, but not discarded. This means they will be applied to the next element that does use the IAL!

Here are some examples for IALs:

{title="The blockquote title"}
{#myid}
> A blockquote with a title

{.go}
    Some code here

Bugs⌗

Citations must be included in the text before the {backmatter} starts. Otherwise they are not available in the appendix.
Inline Attribute Lists must be given before the block element.
HTML spans are not outputted in the XML renderers.
Table header and footers can’t contain block level elements.
Subfigure and images need to be further clarified.

Mmark Syntax Document

Mmark Syntax⌗

Title Block⌗

Elements of the Title Block⌗

PIs⌗

Including Files⌗

Document Divisions⌗

Parts⌗

Special Headers and Notes⌗

Headers⌗

Paragraphs⌗

Captions⌗

Comments⌗

Block Quotes⌗

Captions⌗

Asides⌗

Code Blocks⌗

Standard Code Blocks⌗

Fenced Code Blocks⌗

Language of Code Blocks⌗

Captions⌗

Callouts⌗

Including code fragments⌗

Figures and Subfigures⌗

Lists⌗

Ordered and Unordered lists⌗

Example lists⌗

Definition Lists⌗

Tables⌗

Block Tables⌗

Horizontal Rules⌗

Math Blocks⌗

HTML/XML Blocks⌗

XML References⌗

Indices⌗

Citations⌗

Short References⌗

Text Markup⌗

Strikethrough⌗

Super- and subscript⌗

Links and Images⌗

Automatic Links⌗

Inline Links⌗

Reference Links⌗

Link Definitions⌗

Images⌗

Emphasis⌗

Code Spans⌗

BCP 14/RFC 2119 Keywords⌗

HTML Spans⌗

Footnotes⌗

Abbreviations⌗

Inline Attribute Lists⌗

Bugs⌗